When expressed in cultured cells, zebrafish Alr exists as dimer and is localized in mitochondria as well as cytosol but not in nucleus or secreted outside of the cell. The small- liver phenotype in alr morphants results from a reduction of hepatocyte proliferation without affecting apoptosis. Knockdown of alr through morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MO) leads to suppression of liver outgrowth while overexpression of alr promotes liver growth. We showed that alr is expressed in liver throughout hepatogenesis. In this work, we investigated the function of alr in liver organogenesis in zebrafish model. Whether ALR also plays a role during vertebrate hepatogenesis is unknown. In mammals, it also functions as a hepatotrophic growth factor that specifically stimulates hepatocyte proliferation and promotes liver regeneration after liver damage or partial hepatectomy. Manjunatha Hong, Yunhan Lisowsky, Thomas Ge, RuowenДЄugmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) is a sulfhydryl oxidase carrying out fundamental functions facilitating protein disulfide bond formation. Li, Yan Farooq, Muhammad Sheng, Donglai Chandramouli, Chanchal Lan, Tian Mahajan, Nilesh K. All rights reserved.ДЄugmenter of Liver Regeneration (alr) Promotes Liver Outgrowth during Zebrafish Hepatogenesis

However, low potential for transcriptional induction of genes in general should be expected, especially notable when studying estrogenic responses. The ZFL cell line shows potential in toxicological studies involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. In conclusion, it appears that primary hepatocytes are well suited for studying environmental contaminants including xenoestrogens, but may show large sex-dependent differences in gene transcription. Importantly, oestrogen receptor and vitellogenin genes showed low basal transcription and no induction response in the ZFL cell line. The induced gene transcription following exposure to ligand was much lower in ZFL cells compared to zebrafish primary hepatocytes at the doses tested. The study showed that the ZFL cells have lower levels of mRNA of most selected genes compared to zebrafish liver. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the basal level and transcriptional induction potential of key genes involved in toxic responses in the ZFL cell line, primary hepatocytes and whole liver from zebrafish were compared. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ZFL cell line in comparison to primary hepatocytes as in vitro models for studying effects of environmental contaminants in zebrafish liver. However, no previous report has compared and characterized these two systems at the level of gene expression. The ZFL cell line, established from zebrafish liver, and freshly isolated primary hepatocytes from zebrafish have been used in several toxicological studies. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a widely used model species in biomedical research. A characterization of the ZFL cell line and primary hepatocytes as in vitro liver cell models for the zebrafish (Danio rerio).Д®ide, Marta Rusten, Marte Male, Rune Jensen, Knut Helge MidtbГѓВё GoksГѓВёyr, Anders

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